Balban Dynasty
Balban Dynasty
Ghiasuddin Balban (1266-1286 CE): Balban was a stern man who believed in ruling with ‘iron and blood’. In 1241 CE, the Mongols attacked Lahore. Balban held the Mongols away with a clever mix of force and diplomacy. In 1260 CE, Balban also entertained an envoy from Hulagu, a grandson of Chengiz Khan. Balban died in 1287 CE and was succeeded by his grandson. Soon a new dynasty came to power in Delhi—the Khaljis.
Policy of Blood and Iron: Ghiyas-ud-din Balban who ruled India as the Sultan of Delhi from 1266 to 1287 A.D. was one of the greatest Sultans of the Mediaeval period. He like his master Iltutmish rose to power and became the Sultan of Delhi.
Theory of Kingship:
Main Principles of the Theory of Kingship were as under:
1. Divine right of Kings: Balban said that the king was the representative of God on the earth and Kingship was a divine institution. He declared this to make the nobles believe that he got the crown or the Kingship not through their mercy but by the mercy of God.
2.Royal descent: Balban realized that people at that time believed that it was only the prerogative of the ancient royal families to rule and exercise power, he therefore declared that he was the descendant of the legendary Turkish warrior Afrasiyab and that circumstances only had made him a slave.
3. King as a despot: He said to his son Bughra Khan that “Kingship is the embodiment of despotism”. He believed that it is the “King’s superhuman awe and status which can ensure people’s obedience.
4. Word of difference between descendants of noble lineage and commoners:Historian Zia-ud-Din Barni has gone to the extent of remarking that whenever Balban saw a man of low birth, his eyes started burning with rage and anger and his hands reached his sword to murder him. This view seems to be on the extreme side. However this much is believable that because of this outlook of Balban, he dismissed all officials not born of noble families, from all important posts.
5. Recognition of tripartite relationship: Balban emphasized the relationship between God and the Sultan, Sultan and the people and the God and the people. He considered himself the representative of God on the earth to look after the welfare of the people—people created by God. Accordingly he emphasized that treasury should be used for the benefit of his subjects. Likewise the king should be impartial in dispensing justice.
The Invasion of Timur: In 1398 CE, during the rule of the last major Tughlaq ruler, Mohammad Tughlaq, the Delhi Sultanate was attacked by Timur. Timur was a Central Asian Turk who had embraced Islam and set up a Kingdom in Samarkand. Timur entered Delhi, and the city was destroyed and left in ruins. Timur also ransacked Meerut and Jammu.
Balban was succeeded by his grandson | |||
| Right Option : B | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Balban took strong measures to provide security to the city of delhi because_________________ . | |||
| Right Option : D | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Blood and iron policy was introducd by _______ . | |||
| Right Option : B | |||
| View Explanation | |||
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